Fibers Used in Textiles
Textiles are made from both natural and synthetic fibers derived from plants, animals, and minerals. The key fibers used in fabric and clothing production include:
Cotton – A soft, breathable natural fiber obtained from the cotton plant. Cotton is the most widely used natural fiber in textiles due to its comfort, absorbency, and durability. Key properties are breathability, washability, and hypoallergenic qualities.
Wool – A natural fiber harvested from sheep and other animals. Wool is warm, durable, and wrinkle-resistant. It is used for sweaters, suits, winter wear, and upholstery. Merino wool is exceptionally soft and fine.
Silk – A natural protein fiber produced by silkworms. Known for its shine and softness, silk is one of the strongest natural fibers. It is moisture absorbent and holds dye color well. Silk is used for luxury clothing, bedding, and decor.
Linen – Made from the fibers of the flax plant stalk. Linen has a crisp, textured feel and natural luster. It is valued for summertime clothing and home goods because it is cool, absorbent, and antimicrobial.
Rayon – A regenerated cellulosic fiber derived from wood pulp. Rayon has a soft silk-like feel and drape. It is breathable, absorbent, low cost, and blends well with other fibers. Used widely in apparel and home furnishings.
Polyester – A synthetic polymer fiber made from petroleum. Wrinkle-resistant, durable, and quick-drying. Polyester is extremely versatile and affordable. Common in performance athleticwear and casual everyday clothing.
Nylon – A silky synthetic fiber known for durability and flexibility. Resists shrinking, stretching, abrasion, and wrinkles. Nylon is used for hosiery, lingerie, swimwear, and athletic apparel.
Acrylic – A synthetic fiber that resembles wool. Acrylic provides wool-like warmth without shrinkage or itch. It is used for sweaters, blankets, and winter accessories. Acrylic can also mimic other fabrics.
Spandex – An elastic synthetic fiber that provides stretch and flexibility. It is commonly used with other fibers to create form-fitting, stretchy clothing like activewear, shapewear, and swimsuits.
Other specialty fibers include bamboo, hemp, modal, microfiber, and metallic fibers. Blends combine properties of different fibers for performance benefits. Innovation continues to develop new high-tech fibers.
